O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones Essay -- O’Neill Emperor Jones Race Black

ONeills The Emperor JonesIn Eugene ONeills The Emperor Jones, Emperor Brutus Jones is an African American male who has risen, from stowa management to Emperor (of Haiti) in two years (343). Jones looks down upon his subjects, viewing them as nothing but animals, tear down though they are African just like himself. As payback, Jones himself goes through a transformation which de charitableizes him and gives him very primal, animal related characteristics. Through this juxtaposition, ONeill makes his blowout a critique of the dehumanizing effects people in power have had over the black race. One of the first characters introduced in the play, the old native woman, has been all in all dehumanized by the Emperors reign. When she realizes she cannot escape or reason with the regime, which is represented in her painting through Smithers, she immediately dehumanizes herself. The woman, seeing the uselessness of struggling, gives way to frantic terror, and sinks to the ground, embra cing his knees supplicatingly (340). The woman is no longer a human being. She is not on an equal playing field with those that have oppressed her. dustup like uselessness, frantic, sinks, and supplicatingly, all serve to show she believes she has no other option but to allow the regime to dehumanize her. The fact that she sinks to the ground, shows that she is tired and has been dehumanized for so long, treated as property for so long, there is no point in hoping for anything different. She just accepts the dehumanization now. Struggling to be viewed as a human being is equated with a useless action. Later in the scene, the woman further proves the Emperor has complete control over her. She states, Him sleep (341). The use of the word Him is intere... ...anization has been completed. The scene directions of scene seven state, Jones voice is heard from the left rising and falling in the long, despairing wail of the chained strivers (359). He is unified with the slaves. His a bility to peach along with the slaves has been taken away. They have been dehumanized to a wail, a sound or noise, much in the same way animals are reduced to speak in noises. Jones does not fight or try to kill these rowers. He realizes this is his history, and how wrong he was to enslave and dehumanize his fellow members of the black race. This realization is shown when he states, Oh Gorry, Ise skeered in dis place Ise skeered. Oh Lawd, pertect dis sinner (359). He is afraid just like all blacks would have been in the slave ships. He no longer is trying to exert power over those members of his own race that are less fortunate than him.

Afghanistan :: Essays Papers

AfghanistanInternational students travel all over the world to study different lands education systems. Many of them come here to the linked States of America, the land of opportunity. Many of them believe that if they come here they will throw off a better chance of doing what they have always wanted to do. I was presumption an assignment by my teacher to interview an international student I got their input on what it is like to be an international student here in the United States of America. I met Sameer, my international student, through some high school friends that go to the same college as him in Tennessee. He was more then clever to tell me astir(predicate) what he is going through as a student in the United States. Not only did I learn about him, but his country as well. We will get to know more about Sameer and the country of Afghanistan. Focusing on the Economy of Afghanistan and how it has changed since the September 11, 2001 tragedy.Afghanistan too umteen Ame ricans is a threat to them. People think that because of what some of the people did their all of Afghanistan is to blame. I am ashamed to see what some of the people from my country have done, but I am not ashamed to say that Afghanistan is my home country Sameer tells me in my personal interview with him. Alliance Doesnt want to defect focus to IraqBush Administration understood the alliances preoccupied with Afghanistan (Slavin 10A). You read it all over the news how bad Afghanistan has been since September 11, 2001 he adds. Sameer grow-up with his arrive and father, and older brother. They all moved to the United States of America when Sameer was 10 years old. His father wanted his children to have the opportunity to get rich and be adequate to support their families. When they got here they quickly learned it was a lot harder for them to live and work in the land of opportunity. Sameers father had a hard eon finding a job, but finally just took a job as a cashier at a local store. They lived in a small apartment until Sameer was 14 years old. This is when his father got the break they needed. He started to run and operate his own gasoline station in the town of Brentwood, Tennessee.

New Urbanism in The Truman Show Essay -- movies, films, film analysis

The Town of Seahaven Island is spiritually uplifting, quaint, and completely artificial. Everything and everyone, including the main character, Truman, be sure in habit and pattern. Nothing happens spontaneously or out of synch. When Truman steps out of his usual routine, the entire town must leap into stage dancing of misemploy control. Carefully anticipated, controlled perfection must be restored, but this portrayal of contemporary urban life, however exaggerated, whitethorn be inappropriate (Rees 2003 104). radical Urbanists call back corporal design can influence behaviours and attitudes and cause organic evolution of ideal communities. In fact, romanticizing the village model through architectural codification and rules of maturement may be less engaging than vague and bland. Several criticisms of the untested Urbanism style of companionship, versions of which are becoming extremely privatized, have been discussed. The New Urbanism regime of community is utopian and unnaturala contradiction of the very ideals purported.New Urbanism is family values architecture of middle-class conservatism (Rees 103). The simulated island portrayed in this film is certainly that. thither are no distinctions of citizen wealth everyone has a job except for the father who is initially portrayed as a wildly uncharacteristic stateless person. there are even an inordinate number of street sweepers and window washers. The costumes are decidedly 1950s conservative values in style. These symbols are as sterile as the architecture, invoking a sense of pretense rather than the social transformation New Urbanists advance as new and therefore good. The New Urbanist brain is one calling for an attractive, usable and democratic public commun... ...gle of totality (anything that is not New Urbanist is bad), the premise of New Urbanism being postmodern is confusing. The localization of function of New Urbanism both inside and outside postmodernism is as much a suggestion of the tensions within the definitions of postmodernism developed among architectural critics and cultural critics as it is a censure of the thrust (Rees 100). The Christof character expresses, We accept the reality of the world with which we are presented. Unfortunately, it is the escalating degree to which existing with each other seems to be regulatedand worse, regulated from withinthat causes fix that the eye mask effect of withdrawal from larger society will occur. That may be Utopia for some it is completely synthetic for most. The New Urbanist design and codification is unbelievable to be sufficient to allow a community to evolve. New Urbanism in The Truman Show Essay -- movies, films, film analysisThe Town of Seahaven Island is spiritually uplifting, quaint, and completely artificial. Everything and everyone, including the main character, Truman, are predictable in habit and pattern. Nothing happens spontaneously or out of synch. When Truman steps out of his usual routine, the entire town must leap into choreography of damage control. Carefully anticipated, controlled perfection must be restored, but this portrayal of contemporary urban life, however exaggerated, may be inappropriate (Rees 2003 104). New Urbanists believe physical design can influence behaviours and attitudes and cause organic evolution of ideal communities. In fact, romanticizing the village model through architectural codification and rules of development may be less engaging than vague and bland. Several criticisms of the New Urbanism style of community, versions of which are becoming extremely privatized, have been discussed. The New Urbanism regime of community is utopian and unnaturala contradiction of the very ideals purported.New Urbanism is family values architecture of middle-class conservatism (Rees 103). The simulated island portrayed in this film is certainly that. There are no distinctions of citizen wealth everyone has a jo b except for the father who is initially portrayed as a wildly uncharacteristic homeless person. There are even an inordinate number of street sweepers and window washers. The costumes are decidedly 1950s conservative values in style. These symbols are as stereotypical as the architecture, invoking a sense of pretense rather than the social transformation New Urbanists advance as new and therefore good. The New Urbanist outlook is one calling for an attractive, usable and democratic public commun... ...gle of totality (anything that is not New Urbanist is bad), the premise of New Urbanism being postmodern is confusing. The location of New Urbanism both inside and outside postmodernism is as much a suggestion of the tensions within the definitions of postmodernism developed among architectural critics and cultural critics as it is a reflection of the movement (Rees 100). The Christof character expresses, We accept the reality of the world with which we are presented. Unfortuna tely, it is the escalating degree to which existing with each other seems to be regulatedand worse, regulated from withinthat causes concern that the domino effect of withdrawal from larger society will occur. That may be Utopia for some it is completely synthetic for most. The New Urbanist design and codification is unlikely to be sufficient to allow a community to evolve.

Matrix Organizational Structure Essays -- Business Management

Organizational grammatical construction is the way that an organization arranges people and jobs so that work can be performed and goals can be achieved. Good organizational determination helps communications, productivity, and innovation. Many organization structures have been created based on organizational strategy, size, technology, and environment. Robbins and Judge (2011, p. 504) listed three common structures simple, bureaucracy, and ground substance. In this post the author will describe the matrix structure, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. Matrix structure is first introduced in the aerospace industry in the 1960s and become one of the popular organizational design options in right aways business and industry (Derven & Alexandria, 2010). Burns and Wholey (1993) poinited out that matrix structure were used in advertising agencies, aerospace firms, research and development laboratories, hospitals, government agencies, and universities. Matrix structure is the combination of two or more different structures and take the advantages of the pure functional structure and the product organizational structure (Robbins & Judge, 2011, p. 497). The employees in the matrix may have two bosses their functional department managers and their product managers. For example, all engineers may be in one engineering department and report to an engineering manager, entirely these same engineers may be assigned to different projects and report to a project manager while working on that project. In many organizations, a matrix structure is implemented to address the requirement to do more with less and become more agile. The matrix structure, which focuses on horizontal as hale as vertical management, has become more widespread as a result of globalization and the... ...llustrate his points.ReferencesBurns, L. R., & Wholey, D. R. (1993). Adoption and abandonment of matrix management programsEffects of organizational characteristics and interorganizati onal networks. Academy of Management Journal, 36(1), 106-139. Carter, L., Ulrich, D., & Goldsmith, M. (2005). Best practices in leadership development and organization change how the best companies ensure meaningful change and sustainable leadership. San Francisco, CA caper Wiley and Sons.Derven, M., & Alexandria, T. D. (2010). Manging the matrix in the new normal. T + D. Alexandria, 64(7), 42-49. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson.Sy, T., & Cote, S. (2004). Emotional intelligence A key ability to keep an eye on in the matrix organization. Journal of Management Development. 23(5). 437-455

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essay

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the KingTragedy as an element of the human experience has been the subject of many of the great works of literature written in the Western tradition. For some, tragedy embodies the highest form of humanity. It is through suffering that we are able to reveal ourselves most completely. Others think tragedy as an element of morality where we are to learn well the lessons of those who tempt the gods. The Ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle, outlined a theory of tragedy as archetypal drama in his classic work, the Poetics. He uses the play by Sophocles, Oedipus the King (hereafter Oedipus), as the standard model by which all other tragedies are measured. In Aristotles view, a perfect tragedy should not be simple, but rather complex in its action. It is the degree of complexity of the tragedy, the true increase in the amount of suffering that the heroic character has to go through, that intensifies the use of this device. The truly tragic figure leave alone go through the play experiencing gradually increase amounts of knowledge which reveal more horrible details. At each revelation, the audience has already been made aware of the tragic event so it is prepared and waiting for the heros downfall. To achieve true tragic circumstances, a clear reversal of fortune is required to occur to the main character. This reversal of fortune, above and beyond negative events, will then garner feelings of pity and fear in the hearts of the audience. As Aristotle states The change of fortunes should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad. It should come as a result not of vice, but of some great error or frailty, in a character either such as we have describe... ...is indentured to marry his mother after defeating the Sphinx. The audience, however, long familiar with the ancient myth, is mindful that in solving the riddle Oedipus further condemns himself. These choices lead to the ultimate clima x where Oedipus blinds himself and wanders the ball as punishment for his actions. The lack of knowledge of his fate combined with the audiences total familiarity with the myth provides for the greatest differential between knowing and not knowing. Dramatic irony, apply throughout the play to emphasize the power of fate, is ultimately used as the closing statement of mans frailty in the face of infinite justice. Works CitedAristotle. Poetics. 12 July 2005. httpclassics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.mb.txt Gwynn, R. S. Drama A Pocket Anthology, Second Edition. New York Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc, 2002.

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essay

The Use of Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King catastrophe as an element of the human experience has been the subject of many of the great works of literature written in the Western tradition. For some, tragedy embodies the highest form of humanity. It is with suffering that we are able to reveal ourselves most completely. Others see tragedy as an element of morality where we are to learn well the lessons of those who tempt the gods. The antediluvian patriarch Greek philosopher, Aristotle, outlined a theory of tragedy as archetypal drama in his classic work, the Poetics. He uses the play by Sophocles, Oedipus the King (hereafter Oedipus), as the standard model by which all other tragedies are measured. In Aristotles view, a perfect tragedy should not be simple, but rather multiplex in its action. It is the degree of complexity of the tragedy, the true increase in the amount of suffering that the heroic character has to go through, that intensifies the use of this d evice. The truly tragic invention will go through the play experiencing gradually increasing amounts of knowledge which reveal more horrible details. At each revelation, the audience has already been do aware of the tragic event so it is prepared and waiting for the heros downfall. To achieve true tragic circumstances, a clear reversal of fortune is required to top to the main character. This reversal of fortune, above and beyond negative events, will then garner feelings of pity and fear in the hearts of the audience. As Aristotle states The change of fortunes should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad. It should come as a result not of vice, but of some great error or frailty, in a character either such as we have describe... ...is destined to marry his mother after defeating the Sphinx. The audience, however, long familiar with the ancient myth, is mindful that in lick the riddle Oedipus further condemns himself. These choices lead to the ultim ate climax where Oedipus blinds himself and wanders the earth as punishment for his actions. The lack of knowledge of his fate combined with the audiences total familiarity with the myth provides for the superlative differential between knowing and not knowing. Dramatic irony, used throughout the play to emphasize the power of fate, is ultimately used as the closing financial statement of mans frailty in the face of infinite justice. Works CitedAristotle. Poetics. 12 July 2005. httpclassics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.mb.txt Gwynn, R. S. Drama A Pocket Anthology, Second Edition. New York Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc, 2002.

John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev

Following introduction War II, the world felt the intensifying of the Cold War. Although the primary players were the United States and Russia, countries around the globe sat on the leaping of their seats, waiting for the tension to rupture and a third World War to erupt. Two leaders had the fate of the world in their hands, during this era of world history, Nikita Khrushchev and caper F. Kennedy.This paper will begin by overviewing each of these ruling leaders. Following these overviews, the leading styles will then be compared and contrasted. In so doing, a clearer consciousness will be developed of how two very different leaders could so effectively lead the two closely powerful nations, during one of the roughly intense times in world history. washbowl F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, leading the nation from 1961 until his assassination on November 22nd, 1963. He was the youngest person incessantly to have been elected as President, and the younges t President to die. He is lots seen as an American martyr (John F. Kennedy, 2005).Kennedy is known for his strong domestic and foreign policies. Although most of his civil rights policies didnt come into full fruition until his successor, Lyndon Johnson, came into office, due to his untimely expiry, Kennedy was an innovator both within and outside of Americas borders. He was a oracle that had a the dedication needed to bring these visions to life. His leadership skills would be honed when a young Kennedy was finally accepted into the U.S. Navy, in 1941, where he earned the rank of lieutenant and commanded a police torpedo boat, or PT boat (John F. Kennedy, 2005).In 1943, Kennedys leadership skills would be demonstrated, 18 years prior to his holding office and leading a nation in a tumultuous time. Kennedys boat, the PT-109 was rammed while involved in a military raid near the Solomon Islands. Although Kennedy was thrown across the deck and wound his back, which had previously plagued him with problems, he was able to tow a wounded man three miles across the ocean to an island. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, with the hobby citation that sums up his exemplary leadership. During the following 6 days, (Kennedy) succeeded in getting his crew ashore, and after swimming many hours attempting to secure aid and food, finally established the rescue of the men. His courage, endurance and excellent leadership contri anded to the saving of several lives and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service (as cited in John F. Kennedy, 2005).Following World War II, Kennedy began his career in politics. In 1946, Kennedy won the vacated seat of Representative James M. Curley, by a large margin. He was reelected to this position twice, but his balloting record was often contradictory to President Harry Truman, as well as divergent from the Democratic Party as a whole (John F. Kennedy, 2005). This voter turnout record was a demonstrative example of a Kennedy who would go on to prove that he was a man unto himself, as a incoming President.In 1952, Kennedy moved his political career one step forward with the defeat of Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. for Senator of Massachusetts. His bid for the position of delinquency President nomination at the Democratic National Convention, in 1956, although turned down, also bolstered his career. He also adroitly handled the Civil Rights Act of 1957 by voting for final passage, but also earlier had voted for the jury trial amendment which would have made the Act quite ineffective (John F. Kennedy, 2005).Nikita Khrushchev was born in the colonisation of Kalinovja, in what is now known as Kursk Oblast of the Russian Federation. He was originally trained and worked as a pipe fitter for a variety of mines, but it was during World War I, that Khrushchevs leadership would begin to emerge, as he began to be involved in trade union activities, following the Bolshevik revolution, in 1917. A year later, Krushchev became a Party member and held various management and Party positions in both Donbass and Kiev. In 1931, he transferred to Moscow, and four years later, he became initiatory Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. In 1938, he was given the position of 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukranian Communist Party. Krushchev continued to work his trend up the Party ladder and was a member of the Politburo from 1939 (Nikita Khrushchev, 2005).During the Second World War, Khruschev served as a political officer, holding a rank similar to lieutenant General, in the United States. He coordinated the defense of the Ukraine and then was the senior political officer in the South of the Soviet Union throughout the war. Stalins death in March of 1953 instigated a power struggle between several different factions within the Party. Khrushchev prevailed and became Party leader on September 7th, 1953 (Nikita Khrushchev, 2005).A res emblance of Kennedy Versus KhrushchevKhrushchev was a powerful leader of Russia during a chaotic time. He immediately began to seek a course of reform, which was exemplified in his famous Secret Speech, that was given to the twentieth Party Congress, in 1956. Khrushchev alienated himself from the more conservative members of his Party, speaking out against Stalins actions, especially those crimes committed during the Great Purges (Khrushchev, 1956).This is in direct comparison to Kennedys early leadership style. Kennedy too refused to simply do as the Democratic Party demanded. He often voted against Party lines, to the chagrin of traditional Liberals. Although both men would alienate themselves from several(prenominal) of their Party members, both would gain increased acceptance from more moderate Party members, and respect from many because of their willingness to do what they felt was right, not what was popular.Their dedication to their visionary leadership goals was a similari ty, while their personal styles were in severe contrast. Khrushchev was often seen as uncivilized and boorish. He had a reputation for his significant temper and often resorted to interupting speakers to insult them. Khrushchev was known for malleus his fists on the table and shouting during a United Nations conference in 1960, and even taking off his shoe and pounding it violently on the table, when asked how he could oppose Western captilist imperialism given his actions to rapidly assimilate Eastern Europe (Khrushcheva, 2000). Whereas Kennedy grew up in a wealthy, refined family and would neer have considered to resort to such measures to get his point across.Yet, both men were incredibly charismatic, able to eloquently express themselves and rally their citizens behind them in a call of patriotism. Although both men had significantly different styles, they were both able to manipulate the emotions of their citizens to secure their leadership position and accomplish tasks such as the maturation of space programs, that others afterwards were able to complete. Even today, Kennedy receives much of the credit for great steps that he only had a small part in, such as the Civil Rights Act, which was conceived by his brother Robert Kennedy, and implemented by Lyndon Johnson. Yet, because of their ability to lead, in a difficult time, both men will be remembered as powerful opposing leaders who had much in common.

Health Assessment Essay

Assessment of environmental processes includes agents and factors that may hasten injury, illness, or death. Choose 1 of the following age groups toddler, preschool, and school-age child. List some of the most frequent causes of injuries, illness, or death at the age level. Discuss and describe safety concerns specific to the age, leaning the most common causes of injury, illness (acute or chronic), trauma, and death for the age level. Describe how health promotion and health prevention interventions can be incorporated into kick upstairs and child teaching.Including in-text citations and references for each of the scholarly sources used. Respond to other learners posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. School-age children, face daily exposure to environmental agents and factors that may cause injury, illness, or death similar to those of all other age groups. Physical agents such as fires mechanical agents such as bicycles, skateboards, and cars biological agents such as bacteria chemical agents such as asbestos and radiological agents such as x-rays are the causes of injuries or death.Accidents are the leading cause of death in children everywhere age 1 year in the United States. Accidents from contact sports and cuts, falls, burns, and injuries from firearms, are also increasing. Typically school-age boys have more accidents than girls, perhaps due to differences in personalities, social expectations, child-rearing practices, and more risk-taking behaviors. Most accidents happen outdoors, and it occur mostly in summer because of outside job.The nurse has a significant role in educating parents and school staff office on ways to prevent dangers to school-age children and to become involved in public initiatives to create a safer society for them. Parents of these children must be involved in society and legislative activities that provide safe play environments. Each child should have a well-maintained bicycle, ride only in saf e areas approved by parents, mark rules for vehicle traffic and use a federally approved riding helmet.Parental supervision when children play close to streets and heavy traffic areas. Children should wear a seat belt or be in age-appropriate booster seat as needed older children should ride with restraint system and in spinal column seat until age 12. Working smoke detectors should be in place in home and school. Children need to engage in age-appropriate activities and wear protective equipment tally to the sport. Parents need to ensure safety and maintenance of all sports equipment.Children should play with friends, have a plan for returning home, know home phone number and address, play in safe and known area, and report any suspicious activity threatening their safety to an appropriate adult. Children should know how to locate assistance when in an severe situation. Children should avoid insecticides, radiation sources, inappropriate use of medications, and pollution source s parents need to store all known toxins, chemicals, and household cleaning agents in an adequately ventilated emplacement that is unreachable to children. Edelman, Mandle. Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 7th Edition.

Movie Evaluation

Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close An Autistic Childs Perspective Message 1 September 11, 2001Are you there? how-do-you-do? If youre there darling pick up. I just tried the office, but no one was picking up. Ah, listen, something happened. Im ok. There relative us to stay where we are and wait for the firemen. Im sure its fine. Ill give you another watchword when I have a better idea of whats qualifying on. I want to let you know that Im ok and not to worry and Ill call again soon. This was the first of six inwardnesss on September 11 2001 that 11 year old Oscar Schell (Thomas Horn) heard from his father Thomas Schell (Tom Hanks) that were left on the respondent machine as tragedy was unfolding. His father was on the 105th floor of tower one as the first plane crashed into the building. This pictorial matter is based on events that took place during the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks. A young boy (Thomas Horn) named Oscar narrates the story of how the day unfolded from h is point of view referring to it as the worst day. Oscar comes home after organism released from school because of the events that were taking place.At this point he doesnt really know what is actually happening. He continues in his routine grabbing a snack from the fridge and so pressing the play button on the answering machine. In this burst He listens to the first of six messages his father left as the events unfolded. He therefore turns on the television as the messages continue to play and witnesses what has happened and realizes his father is in the building. Just as the news camera captures the first tower falling Oscar locomote to his knees, the pudding he got from the fridge spews everywhere and he begins to sob.This movie is categorized as a drama. Certain aspects should be within a drama and relating criteria should be established this includes first and foremost emotion, second would be a powerful message, also if the movie is based from real events, such as this on e, realistic scenarios should care place and last but not least quality acting and effective casting, which go hand in hand. In a beginning scene from the movie when Oscars mother Linda Schell (Sandra Bullock) gets a phone call from her husband Thomas Schell while she is at work.You can hear the sheer panic in his parting and the chaos of distraught people in the background. Linda Schell now understands how dyer the situation is because he is in the building. She panics and tries to talk him into staying on the phone with her, they get disconnected. The viewer can slowly relate to Lindas fear and helplessness. Throughout the entire movie you can feel Oscars pain of losing his father. After the worst day Oscar refused to step foot in his fathers closet until one day he gathers the courage to do so. He is sorting through his fathers things when he knocks a vase off of a shelf.The vase shatters and he finds a key and believes it was a last reconicense mission his father peed for hi m. He deems it necessary to continue the game they played that consisted of Oscar going on reconicense quests that his father would develop for him so that he would face his fears of being out in society. Loud noises, lots of people and being out in public put Oscar on edge as he has Autism and he has much trouble trying to make sense out of the simplest things in livelihood and understanding why he cant make sense of them, but his focus of understanding turned to his fathers untimely death.This movie does have a powerful message of how an unexpected tragedy can change lives forever. We may not have answers as to why or no complete understanding of what truly happens, but we must find a way to move on. As far as depicting real scenarios I believe this movie is right on point with one exception, Oscar was released from school as things started to take place. Before these attacks happened no one felt there was a real threat to humanity, but in a real situation such as this one, schoo l districts, in my opinion, would not have released the children off on their own.Even if no one quite knew what was happening. It is the facilities responsibility to protect and care for those children while they are under their care. This was the only scenario I didnt agree with. It almost gives a misconception of how schools would react, I think. Last but not least a drama should have quality acting which would foresee effective casting. Someone might appear right for the part but cannot portray the character effectively, which doesnt make it believable or relatable. If the wrong people are casted, who arent quality actors, it would create a different atmosphere for the movie.It may not do so well if the characters arent portrayed effectively. I look for actors/actresses who have been awarded for their work and those Im familiar with because there is a good chance the movie will be worthwhile. Overall Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close is a captivating, emotional and heartfelt movie about a boy with autism whom has just lost his father and learning to cope. With its quality acting and effective casting, powerful message and real life scenarios this movie is a must see.

Surrogacy in India

The essay, Inside Indias surrogacy industry, talked ab issue how the surrogacy industry made an impact on India. Being a socially conservative country, India surprisingly does not reject the idea hardly rather supportive of it. The confederation of Indian industry reported that by 2012, the utilize of surrogacy will generate 2. 3 billion dollars. Why is this industry advancing so fast in India? First of all, commercial surrogacy is legal in India, date it is still banned in many other countries.With the business growing so fast, the political relation is drafting laws to make sure surrogacy is not being privatized. The government is setting the age limit of the substitute mother to 35 and can only have the maximum of 5 pregnancies, including their own children. Another reason that surrogate mothers are so popular in India is the pricing. In western countries, surrogacy can cost up to 90,000 dollars but in India, the surrogates are only being salaried around 6500 to 7500, which is the sum of their income for several years.While this seems like a perfect balance of supply and demand, it does raise some alarming questions. Has the need for survival or simply living a better life twisted the fabric of traditional human beliefs? India, a religious and conservative country, allows their women to simply rent out their wombs. To my understanding, the ability to spue is a gift from god. Putting a price tag on something so precious and sacred is no better than whoredom. If prostitution is illegal, then why shouldnt paid surrogacy be?If compared, prostitution may create less long term problem than the surrogate business. Another problem that we should recognize is that the Western side of the world should not bring their problems to the east. Child labor and sex related business in China, underage sex trade in Thailand and Indonesia and more other problems were brought in by the westerners. Anything they could not fulfill in their countries, were brought to the we aker east. At times, the supply and demand rule apply but so do many social and health problems.Children who work in sweat shops do not get proper education and they will only remain workings in the shop. Children who sell their bodies at a young age were misled to believe that it is a proper method for survival. Surrogacy is not the worlds most critical problem but it does touch on many ethnical issues . What needs to be done is carefully review different possibilities and draft laws to heavily regulate. Being able to reproduce is a gift , not a business.

Britain And France Lost Their Power Of Influence History Essay

After the atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Stalin began to be leery of America. Stalin ahis leery character led him astray by imputing to western sandwich authorities a ( He recalld that the Americans wanted to hold an influence in Europe that would rule the communist parts of Europe one would believe that this vox populi would farther act upon his intuition. From 1947 on Stalin regarded the consolidation of the two axis and the comparative growing of the US influence in Europe as a forgo decision. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins24 ) Future USSR leaders besides had the same premise of the West s involvement in ruling Eastern Europe. he Khrushchev came to believe that West Germany politicians were utilizing the linked States to derive power over GDR and to travel to domination in cardinal Europe. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins 198 ) Stalin s ambivalency seemed progressively baleful from westerly position, and upper-case letter and London began to mien at the Soviet enlargement sanctioned at Yalta and Potsdam in a wholly different visible radiation. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins, 37 ) The writer show indicates that Stalin feared the Americans and the British would go plunk for on the Yalta understanding. ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins, 41 ) Stalin s overpowering intuition lead to the Occidents on intuition which made them increases their attending on the enlargement of communism in Europe through with(predicate) the Yalta and Potsdam conference.There were many miscommunications within the USSR which in bend caused them to misinterpret the power and influence of the West. Some of the chief misinterpretations were brought approximately by Litvinov and Molotov who Stalin looked for to acquire correct information on the West.Litvinov, every bit good as most perceivers, failed to anticipate the nature and way of American s postwar engagement in the universe. In fact, this cognition of the United States led him to th e wrong premise that Washington might return to isolationism and withdraw from international organisations. He seemed to believe that it would be much(prenominal) easier for the USSR and Great Britain to come to an amicable understanding ab off the European colony if the moralistic and expansionist United States would non interfere. ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins,38-39 )The false information Litvinov provided caused the leaders of the USSR to misinterpret the effectivity of the West. Stalin and Molotov strongly believed that the US- British differences would be acute plenty to forestall their collusion against the Kremlin. ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins, 95 )The concluding papers sent from the Soviet embassy in Washington to Moscow on September 27, 1946, reflected Molotov s thought instead than the positions of the embassador. The United States, the wire said, abandoned its prewar tradition of isolationism and was now driven by the desire for universe supremacya The American authorities would halt at nil to restrict or free the influence of the Soviet Union. a The wire pointed out a secret understanding betwixt the Unites States and England refering the partial division of the universe on the footing of common grants. ( zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins, 101-102 ) The intelligence from Washington made the Kremlin leaders believe even more that they could destruct western integrity by revenging in West Berlin. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins107 ) This false information lead the USSR to desire to busy West Germany as a buffer zone to protect USSR and to carry on communism.The marshal program was created by the Unites States to resuscitate the economic system of Europe. To the USSR the Marshall program was regarded as The endangerment of American economic blackmail of Soviet Union ( the potency usage of economic assistance as purchase ) . ( Zoubok and pleshakou, Kremlins,104 ) The USSR refused to hold any portion of the Marshall program. The abse nce of the Soviet in Paris, Molotov seemed to believe, would assist worsen the tenseness in the emerging Western axis. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,106 ) Many communist believed it was good for the USSR to non hold a portion in the Marshall program. Zhdanov commented that Communists will derive nil through peaceable cooperation within coalitiona they may alternatively lose what they ve travel. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,131 ) The United States initial intent of the Marshall program was a as they USSR rapidly learned, was to strip the Soviet Union of its influence in Germany and cardinal Europe. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,105 ) The miscommunication with in the USSR caused them to misinterpret the connotations of the Marshall program.The Western powers wanted to stop the influence of communism in Europe and in making so Western powers and leaders behaved the lone manner they could- as enemies of the Soviet Union and socialist manner of life. ( Zubok and Pleshak ou, Kremlins,89 ) In order to incorporate the spread of communism the a British and American business zone would be united into Bizonia, the U.S military personnels would remain, and the Sovietss would be excluded from control over the Ruhr industry. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,100 ) The Unites provinces was rigorous to the containment of communism that ait made clear that it would non digest a neutralised incorporate Germany that might incline towards the Kremlin. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,107 ) This made the USSR gain the strength and influence of the West. The Kremlin swayers understood that the harder they drove against Western political relations, the more their opposition contributed to the execution of American separationist program in Germany and Europe. ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,107 ) By 1947 it had become crystal clear that the western leaders regarded their cooperation with Stalin during the war old ages as an unfortunate episode that was to be fol lowed by considerable withdrawal. ( Zukob and Pleshakou, Kremlins,114 ) Although the USSR ease believed that it was owed a batch for its engagement in the war. Khrushchev steadfastly believed that the USSR has been wronged, mistreated by the United States after the terminal of the Second World War. ( zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,182 ) Khrushchev s belief was back up by an proclamation from the TASS. On January 13th, 1953 TASS announced that for old ages, there had been a secret device to assassinate Soviet leaders and that this secret plan was directed by the Western intelligence bureaus ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,114 ) a With this proclamation the USSR felt betrayed by the Allies it had fought with, and sacrificed a batch for. The USSR still felt that was to be owed a great trade for its work. Two coevalss of Soviet diplomats after him Stalin believed that the Soviet Union was entitled to particular security agreements in Meleagris gallopavo ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,98 ) aAfter the drop dead of Stalin, there were alterations in the regulation of the USSR. Before his decease Stalin ruled USSR with his ain involvement and temper in head which were driven by his intuition of the West. most(prenominal) Western analysts felt that the Kremlin s enterprises after Stalin s decease were either new, improved Soviet tactics in engaging the cold war or execution of policy designed to cut down international tensenesss bit by bit. ( Zubok and Plshakou, Kremlins,139 ) Khrushchev who was Stalin s replacement ousted Stalin and his signifier of regulation. Khrushchev wanted to outfox the dark forces in the united States- to do them abandon their policies of haughtiness, no acknowledgment, and strength towards the USSR. ( Zubok and Plshakou, Kremlins,184 )The perceptual experience and misperception from the US and the USSR were really of import. They influenced or started the fire of tenseness between the two states that would afterward on lead to scientific rebellion of atomic arms and the cold war. The misgiving, usage of false information, the influence of capitalist economy in states that the USSR wanted to distribute communism, the deficiency of regard and that that the USSR received for assisting the Alliess in the 2nd universe war, and the decease of Stalin and a new leader all lead to the misperception and perceptual experience between the US and USSR which was the starting point of the tenseness between the two states.

Lorenzo’s Oil Movie Review Essay

The movie, Lorenzos Oil, was about a family that found out that their son had been diagnosed with a rargon, genetic complaint of which was considered incurable. The sex-linked disorder ALD, passed on by the x-chromosome, of which is usually accompanied by the unfortunate generativee of goal, has also been cognize to bring forth muteness, blindness, comas, seizures, and deafness. With no known cure for ALD, or any thinkable way of escaping its final result (death), doctors would use a special give-and-take to prevent any further damage of the pass, depending of course on the severity of the damage done prior to treatment. In Lorenzos case, the disorder had already corrupted too large of an area of his brain so the treatment given by the doctors would have been of little help to him. In most cases, death occurs nine months after diagnosis, however, Lorenzos parents refused to let death be his only option and they did their best to find another treatment to help their boy.This m ovie relates to chemistry in many ways, especially in the palpate that there were chemical imbalances observed and the reactions of these imbalances were noted for future reference. As a major component in the medical field, chemistry is used in producing refreshing solutions, observing their reactions, and testing the effectiveness of these solutions in treating or curing various illnesses. This is shown when Lorenzos parents continuously perform their experiments of mixing various substances and noting their ability to lower fat build-up in hopes of finding a cure to their sons diminishing health.If put under the same circumstances that Lorenzos parents were put under, I call back that I would go to the same lengths in attempting to find some kind of treatment for my chela. I think that my maternal instinct to care and protect my child would be too strong for me to just sit back and watch my child suffer, and honestly, seeing my child helpless and constantly struggling to live would be to a greater extent than enough reason to do my best in finding something to ease, if not cure, my childs illness. Whether or not I had been gifted with the familiarity needed to find such(prenominal) a remedy, I would still want to do all that I could for my child, even if it meant risking my life to save hers, and if nothing could be done, I would be sure to stay by mychilds side at all times. However, one thing that I would never do would be to tell the doctors to end the life support given to my child. Even if that was the only way to end her suffering, I would rather let nature work its course than to feel guilty at finalizing the action of which would help her (according to others opinions who have no idea what she is going through) and feeling like a murderer of my own flesh and blood.When Lorenzos parents had made the discovery of a tonic, powerful enough to soothe the symptoms of ALD and lower the fat build-up, they did the right thing in immediately relaying the information of their treatment to doctors in hopes of saving other patients suffering as their son was. However, I feel that the doctors abused their powers as medical government activity in neglecting to accept the remedy, or even look into the composition of the remedy to find their own evidence of the effectiveness and ability to cure of the treatment. As doctors, their art is to aid and assist the patients and to inform the patients families of every option available to ensure that they, as professionals in the medical field, did all that they could to cure or save their patients. However, by refusing to investigate the medicine or give the patients the option of trying this new innovation, the doctors neglected fulfilling their duty to its fullest extent and deprived their patients of another possible chance at survival. It is understood that all possible treatments produced are tested for months to confirm their effectiveness at combating ailments, of which is a very benefi cial procedure to all.Lorenzos parents conducted numerous tests on their tonics working ability did and were aware of all possible reactions of their product. They felt confident in its positive benefits, which is wherefore I feel they were so insistent at giving the medicine to other patients. I doubt that Lorenzos parents would have passed on such a treatment without knowing all the effects of their remedy, especially since they used the exact same medicine on their own child. However, I do not understand why the doctors would have been so set on refusing foreign influences. I believe that one change made to the current system could be for doctors to be more willing to accept suggestions given to them, whether the suggestion be proposed by a medical professional or not. As shown in the movie, helpful information and innovations fucking be given by people other than medical authorities, such asdedicated parents, like those of Lorenzo. Another change to the system would be to n ame medicines more affordable to ensure everyone the same chance at living a long and healthy life.Even though technology has improved in the field of medicines and researchers have become more educated in areas of which they had once been clueless and lost, the medical field still has yet to be perfected. Many diseases and disorders are still considered mysterious, with very little knowledge known about them, and undiscovered. Until researchers educate themselves of every aspect of these controlling monsters, people will continue to suffer from such ailments. However, with better funding for the investigation of these unknown illnesses, knowledge will be obtained more quickly and long-awaited innovations will be found, an advantage to many, if not all. Researchers being more open-minded and more welcome to outside suggestions and ideas would also help in solving medical problems. They could also try to be more accurate in diagnosing sicknesses to ensure that patients are given the proper treatment and care needed to combat a specific ailment.Although changes to the procedures and actions in the medical field could be made, changes concerning those involved in the well-being of mankind would also need to be made. Unless researchers, doctors, and others capable of saving mankind are more willing to listen to outside ideas and perform their jobs to their fullest extent, the goal of being more powerful than these tricky, microscopic demons, of which for centuries have left us confused and bewildered at their amazing ability to enamor our bodies for their own use, will continue to be unaccomplished.

Billy Liar: How to play Rita in her first scene

I take a shit been using the Nelson Thornes Dramascripts edition of nightstick Liar. I will discuss how I would play Rita in the selected scenery. In this portionicular scene, I study it is important to yield how aggravating the character of Rita is to everyone else on point, and while I require the sense of hearing to understand this too, it is also a scene rich in mowork forcets with comic potential. For most of the section, Rita is pushy and pugnacious however there are occasional moments when she almost lets her guard down. I wish to explore the subtextual hu adult male facial expression of Ritas personality including the motives for her wanting the engagement ring from Billy.I view Rita as more complex than she may pop out on first impressions, and instead of solely wanting the ring to utter off, she may intrust the ring to commit her a feeling of belonging, to prove to herself and those around her that she can be loved, as in congeals, she could be att devas tation ton as a deeply insecure character. At the beginning of the selected section, when Rita first makes her entrance, I want the reference to see how Rita does any occasion to get what she wants, flush if it entails storming into a strangers house.I would also want the sense of hearing to see that she is a formidable character, who will hitch at nonhing to achieve her goal. I would enter onto the stage by striding from the back of the room, through the gap in the middle of the seating, travel pronto with clenched fists to show aggression. I would pause at the entrance to the stage at the end of the walkway, to allow time for the sense of hearing and other characters to become in what has happened. During this pause I would narrow my eyes, as if locking in on a target, and adopt a posture with one hip jutted to the left with my tip over placed on it, and one knee more or less bent.I would switch a menacing, and almost snarling facial expression, and my breathing would be heavier and more exaggerated to show that Rita is angry, but is trying to controller herself. After this, I would strut quickly and purposefully down to the main area of the stage, where I would pause again centre-stage, while scanning the room. This would give an intimidating impression to the audience as well as the rest of the cast. During the 1950s, the Domestic Revolution took place and muckle began taking more pride in their homes, as they had more money to spend on new appliances for the house.By storming into someones house at this period in time, it highlights the rudeness Rita displays in this section. As the scene progresses, Ritas anger is exacerbated by other peoples reactions to her entrance. Billy tries to guide Rita towards the door which would aggravate her, as she is trying to appear as assertive in front of people which she wants to unnerve. While I want to let the audience know who is in control at this point in the scene, I still want to maintenance the fa st-paced and chaotic atmosphere which prevails through most of this act.I am interpreting Ritas stage counseling shrugging him away as something more violent, and when Billy tries to lead her away, I would respond by grabbing Billys outstretched travel by by the wrist and firmly pushing it back to his ramp. I would then deliver the dec stress take your mucky hand toffee-nosed get starting on a high inflexion to show Ritas indignation at being dragged around the room. I would let the inflection fall towards the end of the line, and very oft spit out the last words rotten toffee-nosed get, over-pronouncing each consonant.During the next part of the line, you didnt think Id come in, did you? I would slowly saunter over towards Billy, as if teasing him for not foreseeing my reaction. I would say the last two words did you? in a patronising feeling of voice, almost pesky him. In the 1950s, when this play is set, it was not the norm for a woman to be superior to a man in any w ay, such as in the home or at work. By display how Rita is overpowering Billy, it conveys the rebellion and self-confidence Rita possesses.The moment in which Rita notices Barbara for the first time is full of dramatic potential. At this point, Rita has been dominating the argument and when Barbara tells her that she is also engaged to Billy, Rita is taken aback and possibly even stunned into lock away for a moment. I would want the audience to register this sudden change in the atmosphere. Barbara would say the line Billys grandma ill in bed, at which point Rita first turns to Barbara and, after(prenominal) a hasty flick of her head in Barbaras direction, says Oooh, look what the cats brought in in a rotten iron lung.This would be said in a high pitched voice, to break like I am imitating Barbara and with a varying intonation to add to the childish connotations of imitating someone. Barbaras line for your information, I happen to be Billys fianci is the one thing during this s cene which alters Ritas otherwise constant mocking tone. After her line is said, I would initially begin as I said the previous line, saying the words Oooh, for your information in the same condescending tone as before, and the realisation of what Barbara really said would hit me after this part of the line.I would pause after these words, and slightly furrow my brow in a confused manner and purse my lips plaintively. I would slightly stutter on the next part of the line, as if I couldnt believe what I had just heard. finished the rest of the line, my intonation would rise higher and higher, and I would begin to accelerate my speech as Rita loses control and becomes more agitated, at being lied to by Billy, intimately someone which she would consider less preferable than her.This also reveals that Rita might care more about the engagement than she outwardly shows, and she might really be hurt that she couldnt make her relationship work. At the end of the line, I would straighten out my clothes as if ashamed of myself for letting my control on this situation momentarily slip. As this section goes on, the audience learns that Billy has given Barbara the engagement ring which was meant for Rita. This induces Ritas short monologue on the subject of the ring.Barbaras one-word line of Billy would be sharply cut into by Rita curtly scoffing, and then beginning her line, by saying, Yeah, well youve got another think coming if you think Im as daft as she is. This would be said with a heavy inflection on the word she to indicate that she places herself above Barbara. The next words of You gave that ring to me would be said much slower, with pauses in between each 2 words to highlight her frustration. In each group of threesome words, I would point firstly at Billy, next to Barbara, and then finally to myself.This would include most of the people onstage in her rage to show that no one is immune to her outbursts. As Rita launches into an anecdote about Shirley Mitche m seeing Billy give her the ring, I would pace up and down the centre of the stage, with dramatic hand gestures on key words such as witness or Ive got two to make her point clear to everyone watching. Again, as Rita is quite irate and despairing over Billy at this point, she would have an ascending intonation, but would sound quite flustered. This could be achieved by making her voice slightly breathy, and by sighing deeply at the end of her line.Rita, by this point in the section is aching for control again, and to come back to her usual restive self. She sees this opportunity when Alice tells her you know as well as I do hes under-age. After this line, I would pause slightly, turn my head to the audience and raise my eyebrows, in a sceptical fashion, as if letting the audience know that something interesting is about to happen. Leading with a turn of my head, I would begin to sashay gleefully over to Alice, and say the line ask him over-age more like with a relatively quiet voic e, and contact ever closer to Alice, as if taunting her with this information.I think that Rita would be enjoying this particular moment, and so I would let a half-smile play across my face, almost as if I couldnt help but have fun with torturing Alice. I feel this would be a good way to act this line as this is Rita being able to be aggressive in a much more sneak(a) manner, which shows her being a much more intelligent and scheming person than is often outwardly shown. This is in contrast to what a normal 1950s young woman would act like, as in this period, women were still evaluate to stay at home, look after children and not be as intelligent as men supposedly were.By Rita exercising a clever, sneaky side of her personality, she is opposing the norm in the 1950s, and even taking on the role which was seen as more masculine. At the end of this section, Rita has asserted herself again in the pole position in this dispute. I still want the audience to see the predominant, pushy side of her. As she rudely cuts into Billys tired explanation, I would hold up my hand in an outstretched stop sign, almost pushing it into his face, to show just how sick of his convoluted excuses she is.After this I would return my hands to my hips and strut downstage while saying well she can have you very much disbelieve and during these lines, I would have a smug expression on my face. However, this would quickly change to a lour with a furrowed forehead, as I begin to reel off the list of insults which Rita throws at Billy. These ordered slurs would result in me repeatedly prodding Billy on his chest while quickly walking in his direction, almost chasing him. The volume in my voice would increase, and end in me shouting in Billys face as I would be closer to him by now.This will end the section with Rita being the drawing card in the argument, and she has had the satisfying last word, which suits her firm and aggressive nature. In conclusion, I hope I have created a picture of Rita being a forthright and belligerent character, full of determination to achieve what she wants with small or no consideration for anybody else in the situation. However, I feel that her frustration and, at times, slight desolation over the fact that she couldnt make her engagement work with Billy, or she was in some way not all that he wanted, was also displayed in some sections.

Diploma in H

pic Diploma in hospitality and Tourism HT 1020 trade in H&T The outlet of crossbreeding Lecturer MR. Alvin Group none 4+1 Group members LI CHUNYAN 1111/9205 LIU FANGYU 1108/8812 HUANG JIAHUI 1112/9271 XU KE 1109/8920 YAO SHI 1201/9343 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . 2. Background . 3 3. Marketing Research . . 3 3. 1 Marketing plan.. 3 3. 2 Service Marketing.. 4 3. 2. 1 Environment.. .. . 5 3. 2. 2 Service concept. . 5 3. 2. 3 Quality of helping solicitude.. . 5 3. 2. 4 Four-dimensional customer dish out.. . 6 3. 3 Micro & macro Environment Assessment. 6 3. 4 Analyze Consumer Behavior 7 3. 4. Cultural Factors. 8 3. 4. 2 Social Factors8 3. 4. 3 Personal Factors8 3. 4. 4 Psychological Factors. 9 3. 5 Segmenting Consumer Markets.. .. 9 4. News10 4. 1 The Asia marketplaceplace territory is narrowing10 4. 2 Suspected expense fraud.. 11 5. Recommended Strategy & Implementation Plan.. 11 6. Conclusion. 11 Reference . 12 1. Introduction Our sort has chosen crossroad fo r our project. In this report, firstly we provide introduce its history short and then we entrust focus on 5 aras to analysis assessment and provide the detail that will enhance good market image/branding. The report will be conducted by analysis process, including authority analysis, identifying and explaining strategies, target customers needs and wants as well as the recommended implemented plans. 2. Background (History) The hybridizing Company was constituted by the Fournier and Defforey families in 1959.Over the past 40 years, the interbreeding convocation has grown to become the first largest retailer in Europe and the second largest retailer in the world, the group currently operates four chief(prenominal) food result store formats hypermarkets, supermarkets, cash & carry and convenience stores. 3. Marketing research 3. 1 Marketing Concept hither argon five key concepts under the crossover conduct their marketing activities. As we k straight, Production Concept is a concept where goods are produced without taking into consideration the choices or tastes of your customers. The Carrefour goods in the global procurement.A good into Carrefour, manufacturers must first obtain a recognized headquarters negotiations, individually branch orders through the dust. Carrefour has an international commodity department, responsible for expression for resources in the world, Commodity introduced to purchasing department, then he will ordering the goods . But, Product concept is the understanding of the dynamics of the product and showcase, the take up qualities of the product. Carrefour is based on low determines, excellent customer gain and a comfortable shop environment for consumers to provide the required products of occasional life.Carrefour limited and care amply select the types of goods , It will first consider the needs of customers ,From customers, employees, vendors, competitors obtain nurture to adjust the mixture and respond to mar ket trends, we need to understand the outside message, and then the reaction in the shop. For example, in 1994, Carrefour did not sell cosmetics, it selling computers in 1995 began selling cosmetics, computers. The Carrefour goods are commonly priced lower than other markets .The Carrefour goods are unremarkably priced lower than other markets, In 1987 ,Carrefour in chinaware set off a sales promotion, reduce price lower than the normal market price of 20% to 50% , Carrefour through such sales way to make a cyberspace . Carrefours through low-cost strategy, not only quickly occupied the market, and gradually establish a major feature of the full range. Sixties and seventies of the twentieth century, Carrefour launched Vivez Libre merchandise, free product is cheap unbranded products, the advertising slogan is free product, no name, just as good, and cheaper. Within two weeks, 80 percent of consumers tried free products, 70% of consumers become repeat customers, This success is based on a elementary concept of Carrefour, that customer philosophy. This is the marketing concept of Carrefour. Carrefour did not forget their social responsibility and is affiliated to safeguard the prime(prenominal) and safety of products, spare no effort to promote the Carrefour Quality System, and nearly the farmers in china to jointly develop green products and organic food, from product design, packaging and logistics the pursuit of environmentally friendly low-carbon.In addition, it balance to the 3c model 3. 2 Service Marketing The world economy nowadays is increasingly characterized as a service economy that Marketing serve holds a unique place in stemma acumen and required assorted strategies to be successful. Services are characterized by being intangible, perishable, variant and inseparable from their provider. Marketing Services is not just about selling something, it is a true friction . In fact, the growth of the service sector has long been considere d as indicative of a rural areas economic progress.Economic history tells us that all developing nations accept invariably experienced a deliver from agriculture to industry and then to the service sector as the main stay of the economy . services now increasingly represent an integral part of the product and this interconnectedness of goods and services is represented on a goods-services continuum. 3. 2. 1 Services environment Carrefour supermarket birth a warm feeling for consumer, it slew outgrowth sales. They offers holiday shopping channels, during the holiday season, customers freighter enjoy the convenience of shopping and fast.External environment provides parking, fussy offers the announcement district and have different partition wine drinking area, recreation area, bulk, grain and cover area, Hardware District. In each partition have the difference between all kinds of goods. The best-selling products usually put in the customer more than easily to find it. If you can not find something, intimate the supermarket staff will give you the greatest help. 3. 2. 2 Carrefours service concept People-oriented . Carrefour attaches great magnificence to direct contact with the customer a line employee education and training .Because lower-level employees have the biggest impact on service perceptions. So that employees fully understand and comprehend enterprise service marketings overall goals, enhance their customer service sense of responsibility and sincere love, and pay attention to cultivate their dealing with customers, and establish a good transactionhip with the customer. 3. 2. 3 Carrefours quality of service vigilance. Quality service ensures that customers are satisfied with what they have paid for, and maintain the key to customer satisfaction is the level of product quality.For service companies provide intangible products, the evaluation of both the quality of their services include customer service meaning beyond the basic service s provided by the enterprise, in addition including the specific quality of the various services offered by the enterprise project. 3. 2. 4 Four-dimensional customer service Carrefour has four-dimensional customer service system that all the stores to install the service satisfaction survey system, they can collect customer feedback as an important indicator of the stores appraisal to urge stores that continue to improve and optimize the services to improve the management level. . 3 Micro & Macro Environment Assessment The first time Carrefour created a rude(a) type of sales market, the hypermarket in 1963, the first time Carrefour set up the huge supermarket In French in the same year. The first time Carrefour entry international market in1969, for now have more than 10000 stores in 31 countries and area, it is the NO. 39 top Fortune orbicular 500 in 2012.Although the Carrefour is powerful in the world, it in addition has the weaknesses the online shop development of Carrefour is miss behind as compare to competitors, market in some countries lack of management or expertness in this business. The way of Carrefour to development is at current markets possible to amplification at hot aspect, or opens the stores in some countries that it didnt open before, such as some third-world country, this action not only can set up the new market for Carrefour but also can increate the opportunities of the local.Absolutely, the Carrefour faces some threats recent years there is a add-on of competitors, thus causing a drop in market shares. Economy problem in Europe, has causes many an(prenominal) forms of difficulty including revenues, costs and also trades. These are microenvironment of Carrefour. In the macro environment of Carrefour by using PEST to analysis the mainland China market. Chinas membership in WTO has helped oversea investor to easily penetrate into the China market receivable to government standardizing its market laws and regulations to internation al standards.Having one of the world largest population, the open market to the world has boast Chinas economy thus causing increase of wealth in the population, increasing the amount of pith class consumers greatly attracts foreign investors like Carrefour To enter the market or expand their market shares in China. Due to internationalization, China social and culture is more or less affected as they are more exposed to the world, they are becoming more and more westernize.Better wealth and social changes have also changes mints buying behavior, consumers who have smash income naturally believe that overseas products might be better than local ones. Such belief and buying behavior have causes brand and business from other country to target Chinas high spending market. Open market to the world also leads to increase research and development in the country, as company and business coming in means that grinder like assembly and business factories will start to move in too.Technol ogy and expertise start to increase in China due to this flop of business vast development. Business like Carrefour who carries family line brand will consider moving its factories of production to China due to low weary costs and also the improve of technology and expertise will minimize the difficulty of shifting of pulverization thus fast improvement in technology and expertise encourages business to shift its production or assembly line factory to China. 3. 4 Analyze Consumer Behavior In recent years, Consumer makes many buying decisions e actuallyday.When it comes to shopping, the first thing come to the shopper mind is supermarket. The supermarket and peoples lives are closely interrelated. However, supermarket environment, service attitude, commodity classification create a lot of curve on shoppers desire to shop. 3. 4. 1 Cultural Factors One of the main characteristics affecting consumer behavior is a Culture factor, which exert the broadest and deepest influence on cons umer behavior. For Carrefour, the business scope includes daily provisions, clothing, household appliances and etc. They have all kinds of goods that one need.It is now introducing KFC in the shopping concept. FuNaiTe dry alter shop is another concept. It has more than 50 different brands available in the market. It is like a line of battle of store and leisure, catering and entertainment as one of the major integrated stores. They can completely carry through the consumers One-stop shopping daily life consumption demand. There are three values that Carrefour perpetually adheres to. They are Committing, Caring and staying Positive. They respect the customers shopping freedom and want as much customers as possible.For customers, employees and suppliers, they have to trust each other. 3. 4. 2 Social Factors A consumers behavior is influenced by social factors. The Carrefour group is also responsible for the society. Carrefour actively participate in Chinas public welfare undertakin gs and fraternity activities, supporting and participating in Beijings bid for the Olympic Games and Shanghai world expo bid, and with a manikin of forms to the affected areas, hope school, welfare institutions urgently needed goods donated. All of these influences our consumers and let our life more colorful.So people like to go Carrefour for consumption. 3. 4. 3 Personal Factors A buyers decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics. The economic situation of buyer is very important in purchasing goods. For Carrefour, they are not only providing the consumer Variety and special commodity to choice, such as food, Personal care, home supplies, direction leisure and so on. But they also have many promotion activities. Let consumer feel the funds that was spent is valued. Because of the One-Stop Shopping concept, buyers managed to save time in shopping.Carrefour determined in expanding as many business lines as possible, so that customers can purchase a neat daily nece ssity catered to all the classes, which determined in different level of consumption customers. Commodity classification allows buyers to easily find things they are looking for in the shortest period of time frame. 3. 4. 4 Psychological Factors Psychological factors also play a component in consumer behavior. For example the Carrefour make full use of light and off-price merchandise to create the totally store a better atmosphere. As if making the customer feels the urge to buy upon entering Carrefour. . 5 Segmenting Consumer Markets we can identify from 7 aspects to segmentation consumer market. The first aspect is the geographical segmentation. Geographic Segmentation is compendium and analyzing information according to the physical location of the customers or other data source. Carrefour marketers use geographic segmentation because they know where to sell their products to increase advertising and sales effect. For example, there are different poetry of population among each province in China then Guangdong consists of highest population with 160,000,000 peoples.Therefore, Carrefour should put more attention in Guangdong as the geographic in Guangdong is stronger compare than other province. Secondly, demographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into groups based on variables like age, sex, income, family life cycle, religion, education etc. Carrefour has targeted their demographic segment on age groups to enhance the performance of the organization. By age group report, age group from 15 to 64 years old had the highest number of people.In short, Carrefour Company should focus more on age group from 15 to 64 years old by identify their needs and wants. In this age group from 0-14 years old, they are more demanding in toys, milk, nappies, baby foods and prams. Age group from 15-64 years old has a broader and variety needs such as fashion item, cosmetic, apparels and health care products. Age above 65 have less demand, they like to buy a ne wspaper. Next, gender segmentation calls for dividing a market into different groups based on sex. Men tend to be cigarette and wine, whereas women tend to cosmetics and clothes.Fourthly, Carrefour marketers focus on the age and life cycle segmentation including provision of different products or use different marketing method for different angles and life cycle group. Fifthly aspect is income segmentation. Since the present income gap dumb very big, low-income people could not afford some expensive things, such as diamond and gold. Next is psychographic segmentation. It calls for dividing a market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personal characteristics. Finally aspect is behavioral segmentation.This group based on consumer knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product. Carrefour marketers believe that behavior variables are the best starting point for building market segments. 4. News 4. 1 The Asia market territory is narrowing. On July fifth o f 2012, according to people familiar with the matter, Carrefour trapped in big shareholder pressure, they are considering selling its branch, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, in order to raise $1 billion. Carrefour has been hiring Goldman group, UBS assist to asset auction. However, the plan is still in the primary stage. 4. 2 Suspected price fraudThis year ,on January 6, by the national development and clear commission disclosure suspected price fraud, using the original fiction to attract customers high settlement, not to perform price commitment, misleading price marking and so on the many kinds of fraud. For example, Shanghai Carrefour Nan Xiang shop sales bow and arrow spherical teapot, price tag labeling each 36. 80 Yuan, the actual settlement price 49. 00 Yuan each, Sales clove auspicious teapot, price tag labeling each 36. 90 Yuan, the actual settlement price 66 Yuan each. 5. Recommended Strategy & Implementation PlanThey should improve the quality of service of the employ ees, at the same time clearly the price supermarket products. That can not engage in fraud. Attention should be paid to the education and training of the front-line employees in direct contact with customers, so that they fully understand and appreciate the overall objectives of the enterprise services marketing, and enhance their sense of responsibility for customer service and a sincere love and attention to train them to deal with the customer, with the customer to establish good relations and other aspects of high-level skills. 6. ConclusionThrough the marketing research of Carrefour, We know that committed, caring and positive, these three values reflect the Carrefours culture. The Carrefour marketing concept is to low prices, excellent customer service and comfortable shopping environment for the vast number of consumers with daily life for all kinds of consumer goods. To customer commitment is in the price, product variety, quality, service and convenience and so on, various aspects meet the needs of the consumers. Carrefour as the greatest influence of first-class enterprise in the world, they also still exist some defects to be changed.In general, Carrefour provided the best service to customer and consumer everyday. Let everyone to enjoy better quality of life everyday. Reference list Carrefour. 2011. actual news. online Available at http//www. carrefour. com/cdc/group/our-group/. Accessed November 11 2011. Anonymous , 2004 , Carrefours mature PR . online China Si Rui management . Available at http//esoftbank. com. cn/wz/81_9503. html Accessed November 12 2012 ZhaoQi. 2010. Carrefour difficulties and service mode change. China WangHan, Wal-mart pattern Vs Carrefour mode.Gai Gai. 2012. Carrefour. online Available at http//baike. baidu. com/view/18119. htm. Accessed November 11 2012. CongXiao,N. 2011. Carrefour price fraud event. online Available at http//finance. people. com. cn/GB/8215/210272/234396/16257633. htm . Accessed November 11 2012 Beckham , H. W 2008,EBSCO Research Starters Academic Topic Overviews Competitive Strategy, EBSCO Publishing Inc. ,viewed 10 November 2012, Ebsco Host database. Porter, M. E 2008, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, p. 86-104.

Brand Personality

Consumer Behaviour Brand Personality rosy-cheeked horseshit red ink bull has pay off one of the largest most profitable companies on the planet. One might ask how an susceptibility drink society could become so big. The answer to that question is through an telling brand personality. rubor bull began as a company in Thailand, and once entrepreneurs realized the capableness opportunity it exploded. As of recently, rose-cheeked diddly-squat has gotten its name into still about every sport there is.Their niche is extreme sports and publications but they to a fault are involved in traditional group sports as well. To give a general mother wit of just how wide spread their reach is, we will way out a take care at just some of the sports and events they sponsor. The bring up is as follows * New York ruddy darn * MLS soccer team * inflamed hoot Crushed Ice * Downhill ice skating hurry * ruby tinkers dam Racing * law One racing * Red diddlyshits McConkey objec tive film * Famous Skier/ grip Jumper infotainment * Red Bull Rampage Utah Mountain biking disceptation * Red Bull Winch Sessions * gip Wakeboarding and snowboarding locations * Red Bull Art of Motion * Freerunning competition * Red Bull Stratos * Felix Baumgartners record rupture jump from 128,000 feet * Travis Rices The Art of Flight * Snowboard documentary funded by Red Bull This list goes on. Just by these few examples theres no question that Red Bull has develop a world famous brand personality, for being the draw in sports innovations.They defecate continually pushed the gasbag when it comes to extreme activities. Using Felix Baumgartners jump as a primary example, Red Bull, not NASA, send a man 128K feet to test the possibility of a charitable entering the atmosphere. Felixs jump sight records including highest (128K feet) and fastest (1342km/h breaking the sound barrier) free take back ever. This recent event portrays Red Bulls personality perfectly and just how c reative and innovative they are befitting with regards to their sponsorships.Brand PersonalityConsumer Behaviour Brand Personality Red Bull Red bull has become one of the largest most profitable companies on the planet. One might ask how an energy drink company could become so big. The answer to that question is through an effective brand personality. Red bull began as a company in Thailand, and once entrepreneurs realized the potential opportunity it exploded. As of recently, Red Bull has gotten its name into just about every sport there is.Their niche is extreme sports and events but they also are involved in traditional team sports as well. To give a general sense of just how wide spread their reach is, we will take a look at just some of the sports and events they sponsor. The list is as follows * New York Red Bull * MLS soccer team * Red Bull Crushed Ice * Downhill ice skating race * Red Bull Racing * Formula One racing * Red Bulls McConkey Documentary * Famous Skier/Base Jum per Documentary * Red Bull Rampage Utah Mountain biking competition * Red Bull Winch Sessions * Abstract Wakeboarding and snowboarding locations * Red Bull Art of Motion * Freerunning competition * Red Bull Stratos * Felix Baumgartners record breaking jump from 128,000 feet * Travis Rices The Art of Flight * Snowboard documentary funded by Red Bull This list goes on. Just by these few examples theres no question that Red Bull has developed a world famous brand personality, for being the leader in sports innovations.They have continually pushed the envelope when it comes to extreme activities. Using Felix Baumgartners jump as a primary example, Red Bull, not NASA, sent a man 128K feet to test the possibility of a human entering the atmosphere. Felixs jump set records including highest (128K feet) and fastest (1342km/h breaking the sound barrier) free fall ever. This recent event portrays Red Bulls personality perfectly and just how creative and innovative they are becoming with rega rds to their sponsorships.Brand PersonalityConsumer Behaviour Brand Personality Red Bull Red bull has become one of the largest most profitable companies on the planet. One might ask how an energy drink company could become so big. The answer to that question is through an effective brand personality. Red bull began as a company in Thailand, and once entrepreneurs realized the potential opportunity it exploded. As of recently, Red Bull has gotten its name into just about every sport there is.Their niche is extreme sports and events but they also are involved in traditional team sports as well. To give a general sense of just how wide spread their reach is, we will take a look at just some of the sports and events they sponsor. The list is as follows * New York Red Bull * MLS soccer team * Red Bull Crushed Ice * Downhill ice skating race * Red Bull Racing * Formula One racing * Red Bulls McConkey Documentary * Famous Skier/Base Jumper Documentary * Red Bull Rampage Utah Mountain biki ng competition * Red Bull Winch Sessions * Abstract Wakeboarding and snowboarding locations * Red Bull Art of Motion * Freerunning competition * Red Bull Stratos * Felix Baumgartners record breaking jump from 128,000 feet * Travis Rices The Art of Flight * Snowboard documentary funded by Red Bull This list goes on. Just by these few examples theres no question that Red Bull has developed a world famous brand personality, for being the leader in sports innovations.They have continually pushed the envelope when it comes to extreme activities. Using Felix Baumgartners jump as a primary example, Red Bull, not NASA, sent a man 128K feet to test the possibility of a human entering the atmosphere. Felixs jump set records including highest (128K feet) and fastest (1342km/h breaking the sound barrier) free fall ever. This recent event portrays Red Bulls personality perfectly and just how creative and innovative they are becoming with regards to their sponsorships.

Recounts Of The Birth Of Singapore Essay

Who / YearHow it shekelsedWhen the reign endedWhy he leftSejarah MelayuSeri Teri Buana, Prince of Palembang / 1299Decided to stay after he saw the merlion and renamed Temasek as Singapura After 5 generations / 1396 stomach king, Iskandar Shah betrayed by his official who opened the gates for invading coffee treenese forces Portuguese recountsParameswara, Prince of Palembang / 1392Fled Majapahit forces despatched to crush the rebellion he staged After 4 years / 1396Assassinated host who welcomed him. Fled the ensuing Thai forces portion to strike back for the dead rulerAccounts on the birth of SingapuraSejarah MelayuPortuguese accountsSingapura as an auspicious location, a new city to be established1299 Seri Teri Buana leaves Palembang, arrives, discovered and renamed the place as SingapuraEnds his reign after 48 years when he died, succeeded by his sonReign ended after 5 generations, in 1396Singapura was powerful and able to dispute Majapahit, the major hegemon in the archipelag oWhy singapura had power?Second ruler of Singapura, son of Seri Teri Buana, married to daughter of Tamil ruler of Kalinga Singapura had standings among the Indian kingdomsReason for its end 1396, Last king, Sultan Iskandar Shah was betrayed by one of his officials , to the invading MajapahitIskandar Shah fled singapura, went to Melaka to set up a port-city Singapura as a refuge1392 Parameswara arrives after fleeing an unsuccessful uprising against Majapahit in Palembang he then kills his host, and takes over SingapuraReason for its end 1396, Parameswara forced to flee from an invading Thai force send to avenge the murder of its vassalGreat civilizations of Asia china, India and Middle easternAffected economic, social and political accounting of the coastal port-states of Melaka psyche regionHow did the port colonisations along the Melaka Straits region function? (dependent on switch over context)1. Asian maritime business deal involving exchange of goods between states in sout h china sea and indian ocean One main port in the Melaka straits emerges as the entrepot , the centrifugal tailor between the tierets in these twain major Asian economic regions The other ports in the Melaka straits subsumes themselves to a lower place this honcho entrepot, acting as feeder ports, servicing the chief ports economic needs, benefitting from the Asian art directly2. Trade context differed, no need for chief entrepot port-ports orient their economic outlook towards key markets that were closest to them -ports on northern end of MS foc utilize on India and Middle East -portson southern end (incl sg) foc utilize on the malay archipelago, mainland sea and chinaTemasek-collection centre-export gateway for products obtainable from immediate area (for South Johor and Riau Arcipelago)Chinese ceramic and glassware trade by Temasek were similar, glass ware had similar compositions(Shows that Riau Archipelago was intimately linked to Temasek)SingapuraRegion1402Singapura comes at a lower place Melaka Sultanate. Acts as the category base of the Orang Laut, warriors of the Melaka sultans Parameswara establishes Kingdom of Melaka1511Melaka f everys to the Portuguese1528Last sultan of Melaka establishes Johor Sultanate up the Johor River 1530Orang Laut chief defends Singapura against Portuguese attacks Series of Portuguese attacks on Johor SultanateYear14th TemasekRegionmainland ChinaBefore 990Chinese ships banned from venturing abroad to trade990lifted ban though trade, however, still highly controlled -ships had to register at the Guangzhou port before they could embark on a journey to SEA maritime market did not expand significantlytrade continued to be facilitated by foreign ships (arab origin) types of goods brought and volume of maritime trade could not be dictated by Chinese market 1079 Malayanu at Jambi became premier emporium in the Melaka Straits1087- 1090From small volume, high value exotic goods to large volume, low value mundane goods SE A important source of low value goods (rich in natural resources, geographical proximity) Chinese vessels permitted to go on overseas voyages as long as they start permits and their departure was officially registered by local constitution 1127Temasek one of many ports in the region that emerged to allot Chinese traders Srivijaya loses chief enterpot port positionelaboration of maritime trade and growth of coastal cities under Soong Dynasty 1275According to Daoyi Zhilue, Temasek specialised in hornbill, lakawood and cotton. (competitive advantage) Temasek served as a calling hub for a regional hinterland Jambi, capital of Srivijaya, sacked by invasion forces. Port-settlements mushroomed along Melaka Straits1279Yuan Dynasty encourages maritime trade1299Seri Teri Buana arrives-commanded a large retinue of boat people (Orang Laut)1330sWang Dayuan arrives in Temasek and records a Thai invasion that was thwarted by a Chinese mission1368Temasek ceded to Melaka in return for annual fi xed turn outment of gold. Temaseks existence as autonomous port-settlement came to an end Prince from Palembang unsexd sole rights to conduct trade with Ming court, Melaka became the key port of call Zhu Yuanzhang overthrows Yuan Dynasty and reinstates trade banFort Canning HillMain settlement AreaWhereNorth Bank of the capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore RiverWho inhabited purple family, ruling familyWhat is it used forCentre of rite and political activities in TemasekLocation of main settlements and economic activities of Temasek (e.g. trading)How did it looked likeArtisan QuartersLower eastmost slope of hillock is the artisan and servants quarters high concentration of glass fragments, beads, ceramic moulds suggest glass- and jewellery-making spectral siteHigher up east slope, lies remains of a building foundation of religious meaning non-perishable materials were used for the constructionRoyal abodeOn the northern slope near the summit of the hill was an impressive ter expedite site likely used to house the ruling family Restricted SpaceRoyal garden and palace on the hills eastern and northern slope were inaccessible to commoners collect to salt marches to the west and forest up northBoundaries / DefenceThe royal residency is likely to have a perimeter defence and there is likely to have spatial demarcation to mark out the functions of the spaces Archaeological findings in new parliament House, Empress Place, Colombo Court Site, Singapore Cricket gild and St. Andrews Cathedral revealed EarthenwareWater containers and cooking pots were mostly made in Singapore.Coarse Stoneware CeramicsStorage jars and bottles were wholly imported from aboard. Most likely used to store foodstuff or other smaller ceramic pieces to be carried aroundFine Stoneware and PorcelainCeramics were product of kilns in Guangdong and Fujian. Yuan decimal point blue and white porcelain were in any case r ecoveredMetal FindsCopper coins minted during Song period with several minted in Yuan. No coins post-date Yuan. Yuan used paper currency extensively and in Ming, Singapore no longer autonomous port try outThis form of religious architecture was fairly common throughout island Southeast Asia in the classical period Archaeologists unearthed rare and valuable Chinese ceramics flexible gold armlets of Javanese-inspired designs near Fort Canning site Occurrence of adjure and copper finds totally at New Parliament House site suggests metal smelting and working turn there Large quantities of storage jar shards from Empress Place and Old Parliament House suggest drop off of trade goods off ships and location of storage facilities Higher concentration of copper coins at New Parliament House, Singapore Cricket club and St. Andrews Cathedral suggests trade conducted shape up inland, away from the harbour and warehouses sceneStraits of Melaka and Sunda Straits the only two channels connect ing the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean. adjudge of the waters around Singapore would have accorded control, security & economic benefits to the power thatwas able to project that strategical capability.Build-upAs early as 1620s, Ming had the detailed recorded navigational know-how through the Keppel Straits Portuguese overly had the knowledge by early 16th CenturyEventBritain took over Dutch territories in Java & Melaka after Dutch loss to France in the war in Europe 1818Raffles assigned to Sumartra as Lieutenant-Governor28 Jan 1819Raffles anchored off St Johns Island6 Feb 1819Treaty that gave British rights to set up a factory in exchange for money to Tengku Husain and Temenggong was signed June 1819Raffles signed further agreements with Husain and Temenggong that regularise the establishment of the settlement, limiting their influence on Singapore Oct 18221 June 1824Crawfurd stopped all payments to Husain by alleging that agreements to pay Husain was not legitimate and Hus ain in return owed the East India Company money. In order to repay the debts, Crawfurd wanted Husain to sign a new accord that gave up Husains power in the island 2 Aug 1824New treaty signedPlayers lead to the establishment of colonial SingaporeMaritime NetworkUp till 1923, Singapore was a trading port without a clearly defined hinterland that could only be reached by sea. The economic networks that free burning Singapore operated on an extended sea-lined foreland covering much of Indian Ocean and South China Sea. As a colonial port, Singapores trade was predominantly Asian. SEA accounted for a quarter, China 12%. Overland trade with SEA was insignificant, hence Singapores position between two oceans was more important than being on the southernmost tip of Asia.Late nineteenth century Singapore gradually became a staple port from which Malayan commodities such as tin and arctic were neat and exported to the rest of the world TinDemand for tin exploded in 1810 with the introductio n of tin cans (also used in American Civil War for preserved food for troops) Tin mining mostly through with(p) by Malays prior to nineteenth century Chinese beat backers began coming to Malaya after the founding of Pinang to work in tin mines since Malays were reluctant to increase production to meet the rising conduct for tin In 1874, British signed the Pangkor Engagement with the Malay sultans to keep law and order through the establishment of a British resident (to protect their investitures in the tin industry) Brought abt peace and stability, thus bringing more investments and more Chinese migration 1890, western tin-smelter built by Straits Trading company as a European investmentRubberDevelopment of motor car industry in United States led to establishing of rubber plantations in Malaya Ridley persistently promoted rubber as a cash cropDiscovered how to tap rubber run down without damaging the tree in 1897 1908, despite protests by London agents, british firms in sg band ed tgt to start rubber market in singapore 3 years later, Rubber Association handled sale of rubber Singapore developed into an important international rubber market 1905 merchant vessels industry developed to serve the new port-city , Colonial government assumed control and development of the port to meet the increasing demandTanjong Pagar Dock Ordinance began converting into Singapore Harbour Board 1924Road link between Malaya and Singapore opened, constituent the tin, rubber and oil from the Northern hinterland Colonial Singapore experienced early industrialisation as a result of the raw materials that was coming from the NorthProposed Defence / MotivationsResults1819 1827Series of artillery batteries over the island with a major artillery fort on Pearls Hill Singapore was worth argue in view of Dutch threat Britain in debt from administering expanding Indian empire, futile to fund the defences Britain did not comprehend the Dutch threat grave enough to improve defences 184 3Protect the entrance to Kallang River, New Harbour at Tanjong Pagar with series of artillery batteries and forts. In view of the opening up of China after the Opium War, Captain trounce proposed to beef up defences in Singapore as part of a greater sea path from Singapore to China. Series of Artillery batteries & fortsVSNaval squadron from BengalLocal merchants wanted batteries but were not willing to pay for it / Bengal argued that naval squadron was more effective 1878Advent of steam ships, Suez Canal and telegraph brought the Empire closer. clear conflicts no longer local and could escalate into wider conflicts Major McCullum propose strong naval fleet with secure chain of ports and coaling station as combat support Fortification of Singapore carried out among together with Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, etc. 1921Far East Fleet to counter an emerging and hostile Japan, and also to protectinterest in SEA and Australia Imperial Conference reviewed and decided with only the c onstruction of a naval base and not a Far East Fleet Construction and fortification of Singapore started in 1923 and completed only in 1938 1945 Britain came out of WWII severely weakened but still had an empire to govern. She wanted to de-colonize and bring colonies under the Commonwealth umbrella, maintaining a certain influence over them Saw Singapore as an important pin to combat communism in the region Britain increased defence in Singapore to maintain her forces presence in the region pablums English educated members and Indian politicians appealed to workers and unions while downwind Chin Siongs Chinese roots appealed to the China-born voters who had yet to shed their Chinese chauvinism. As such, PAP win the election against Lim Yew Hocks Labour Front Britain was unaware of LKYs agenda behind LKYs seemingly enigmatic choice of working with the communist despite PAPs anti-communist ideologyReasons for optical fusionWorries of MergerPAPEconomic nominate jobs for an increasi ng populationIn order to sustain declining economy, infallible Malaya as a hinterland and Malayas consumer market to aid her weakening entrepot Without merger, Singapore unable to rival neighbouring countries low production cost and bigger market PoliticsHave to fulfil their electoral promise of delivering independence to Singapore Independence could only be achieved through mergerFinancialSingapore wanted to collect all levy revenue at heart the island and pay an agreed amount to the interchange government Malaya wanted all tax revenue to becollected centrally and give Singapore what they neededCitizenshipSingapore was not comfortable with the possibility of relegating to second class citizens in Malaysia citizenship rights were not ironed out MalayaPrevent the defeated Malayan Communist Party from using Singapore as a springboard to mount a comeback Sweetener in Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo Although Borneo was unhappy, their complains were disregarded by Britain Made Nor th Borneo part of the merger deal to sweeten the deal for Malaya Chinese radicals in Singapore whose violent riots were well-documented Did not want to lose central control over Singapore after merger BritainFavoured merger to keep communism in the region in checkHas vested interest in Singapore in their established military base, hence did not want Singapore to turn to communism1954 1955 issue forth of Chinese riots and clashes including the Hock Lee Riots and Chinese students over the new subject field Service Ordinance 1959PAP won election with help of Left-Wing radicals Lim Chin Siong and Feng Swee SuanSingapore granted self-governance by the Britishwhitethorn 1961Tunku announced contemplation to bring Singapore, Borneo, Brunei & Sarawak under the Malaysia Jul 1961PAP loses second by-elections in Anson engineered by the Communist Aug 196113 PAP rebels organize the Barisan Sosialis which opposed merger Sep 1961Broad agreements to the merger reached, working committees to be fo rmed to iron out details of merger before June 1963 Sep 1962Singaporeans vote for merger in the National ReferendumFeb 1963Operation Coldstore arrests key left-wing and presumably pro-Communistleaders Jul 1963Final negotiations in London in chase of compromise in financial arrangements & a common market Sep 1963New Federation of Malaysia with SingaporePAP wins elections in Singapore despite UMNOs participation Nov 1964First Malaysian Budget unveiled, DPM Goh metrical that Singapores taxpayers contributed to 39.8% of the budget even though it had 17% of the population of Malaysia Singapore saw tax on diesel oil and sugarJul 1964Malay-Chinese race riots, Syed Jaafar Albar flamed LKY on different mediums Apr 1964PAP registered as a Malaysian political party to run against UMNO led alliance and won one seat, big(p) UMNOs political position Feb 1965Talks on disengaging Kuala Lumpar from Singapore was stopped by Britain May 1965In the inaugural Malaysian Solidarity Convention, LKY chal lenged UMNOs policies for solving Malays poverty argued for a Malaysian Malaysia where race does not play a part Direct challenge to UMNO-led alliance that was split between racial lines Jun 1965Goh Keng Swee and Tun Razak held secret talks on separation without Britain knowing Aug 1965SeparationAfter 1965Resumed industrialisation, welcoming FDI in Singapore that was not possible under Malaysia Resumed Indonesian barter trade that was not possible due to Malaysia-Indonesian relations Trade in traditional produce tin, rubber and rice gave way to trade in crude, petroleum products, shipbuilding and services Bank of China kept institutions in existence1967Sing dollars came into existenceLongue Duree Problems answer / ResultsLack of Sense of BelongingSingapore has been an immigration haven, population comprised of immigrants, descendants of immigrants who had been living and working within their respective ethnic groups Different groups of people with diverse language, historical and cultural background meant that they did not have a sense of belonging in Singapore People had no stake it SingaporeCreate a common identity, shared experience in WWIIEspoused principles of Equality, Meritocracy, multiracialism and multiculturalism 1967, introduced NS, fostering sense of NationhoodResettlement program offers meretricious housing raising standard of living of Singaporeans tremendously, it also provided Singaporeans with a stake in the country atomic town DefenceWas very vulnerable fresh out of separation, threats from Indonesian Konfrontation, Malaysia, etc intended to rely on British military presence but they withdrew in 1971 Chinese country in a Malay regionDeterrence is Singapores best form of defence poison shrimp hedgehog dolphin1971, ASEAN was established to serve the need for regional corporation in matters to foreign affairs Singapore befriended global powers like the USPowerful friends + Local defencesEntrepot trade susceptible to global swingsSingapore s economy is one of a staple port that supported the primary economy of a large rural hinterland In 14th, served Riau and Borneo Early 20th, served MalaysiaIn 1965, Malaysias trade barriers, Indonesias Sukarno administration and Chinas Cultural Revolution made it impossible for Singapore to rely on their traditional economic pillars Enterpot trade was VERY susceptible to global trendsManufacturingEmbraced colonial past and opened up to westImport-substitution manufacturing for domestic market to manufacturing for Western market Education and training realigned to upgrade economic productivity Business-friendly labour laws passedFinancial SectorInsurance, international banking corporations encouraged to establish Asian base in Singapore ShippingImproved port and shipping capabilitiesResultsBy 1975, Singapore was the worlds 3rd busiest portgross domestic product increased tremendously in early independence